Pillar I — Jerusalem
The Emanation of Jerusalem
Jerusalem as the source of Revelation and the center of salvation history. On the relationship between Athens, Rome, and Jerusalem; on Christ as the Incarnate Logos; and on truth, love, and human vocation.
The Foundation of Civilization
Jerusalem as the Source of Revelation
Among the three great pillars of European civilization—Athens, Rome, and Jerusalem—it is Jerusalem that occupies the highest and most fundamental place. Athens gave philosophy and science, Rome gave law, but Jerusalem brought what neither Greek reason nor Roman juridical precision could achieve on their own: the fullness of Divine Revelation. In the teaching of Rev. Prof. Tadeusz Guz, Jerusalem is not merely a geographical or historical point of reference—it is the symbol of the encounter between God and man, an encounter that changed the course of history and imparted ultimate meaning to human existence.
Preparing the World for Revelation
Rev. Prof. Guz depicts Revelation not as a coincidental event, but as the culmination of a long process of preparation—both in supernatural and philosophical dimensions. Greek metaphysics and Roman law were, in this perspective, a specific pedagogy of reason leading toward the Truth that was to reveal itself in the person of Jesus of Nazareth:
"(...) The Revelation of the Second Person of the Most Holy Trinity—the Son of the Father—takes place in a time that is already metaphysically prepared. Both the chosen people are prepared through the way of grace, and the entire world of Greek thinkers is prepared as well, along with the Romans, as the center of the world of ancient civilization. Prepared in what way? Prepared in that there exists one God. Thus, reason and faith agree on this: there is one God, and from the position of this God, the reality of man and the universe must now be interpreted. (...)"
Greek philosophy discovered the Absolute, yet it did not know His name. Only Jerusalem—and within it, Revelation—brought the answer to the question that reason had posed for centuries:
"(...) The ancient Greeks and Romans said that when I ask about the cause of man, it is the Absolute that constitutes it. But it is well known that ancient Greek science had one fundamental problem: it did not know the name of the Absolute. For this, Revelation in the Divine Person of Jesus of Nazareth was necessary, who became man through the Immaculate Mother, the Most Holy Mary. And He revealed to us the fact that the cause of man's being is a personal God, who reveals Himself in Jesus of Nazareth as God the Father, the Son of God, and the Holy Spirit—that is, one God existing in Three Divine Persons. (...)"
God Revealed — Truth and Love Alike
The central novelty that Jerusalem introduces into the history of human thought is the revelation of God not merely as the highest Truth and Wisdom—which the Greeks had already discovered—but as Love. This synthesis transforms everything: philosophy, ethics, the understanding of man, and the purpose of his existence:
"(...) Only Christian philosophy, broadly understood, drawing upon the understanding of God—indeed as one, but existing in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, as simultaneously the highest Truth and the highest Love—opened up to human reason fascinating spaces of systematic reflection upon God as love and upon man, whose most important dimension of existence is to become a loving being. (...)"
Rev. Guz emphasizes that the ancients—despite all their brilliance—did not discover this bridge:
"(...) The ancient Greeks and Romans did not fully know what follows from the fact that there exists the Lord God, who is the most perfect being, who is Truth itself and Wisdom itself. What follows from this? They did not find this bridge to the love of God. But we, children of God, knowing the Revealed God, know perfectly well: our Lord God is not only eternal Truth, not only eternal Reason, which itself is absolute truth and knows every existing truth absolutely perfectly. Our Lord God, in His ontology, is also an eternally free being, with a free will that is eternally fulfilled as Love. (...)"
Jesus Christ — The Key to Understanding Reality
At the center of Jerusalem’s Revelation stands the Person of Jesus Christ. Rev. Prof. Guz repeatedly and forcefully emphasizes that Jesus of Nazareth is the most fiercely attacked figure in the history of the last five centuries, and simultaneously the only key to understanding all of reality:
"(...) in the last five centuries, the person most attacked among all Divine, angelic, and human persons is the Person of Jesus of Nazareth. Across all ideologies, whatever they may be called. For almost thirty years now, they have been the subject of my research, and I must say with full responsibility that no one in the last five centuries has been as reviled as the Lord Jesus."
Christ is both eternal God and true man—this mystery of the Incarnation forms the foundation of the Christian vision of reality:
"(...) The Lord Jesus, as the second Person of the Most Holy Trinity, is eternal, is holy, is God, just as God the Father and the Holy Spirit are, and He also remained God at the moment of the Incarnation under the Immaculate Heart of Mary, at the moment of birth, during His childhood, His youth, on the cross—the Lord Jesus always remained God, paving our way to the Father. (...)"
Redemption and Overcoming Death
Jerusalem is also the place of Redemption—the cross and the Resurrection of Christ constitute the center of all salvation history. Rev. Guz shows the drama of this event within the context of man's primordial fall:
"(...) The Revelation of the true God in the Old and New Covenants shows us the full truth about the primordial vocation of man—with soul, spirit, body, and whole person—already unto immortality in Paradise. He was conceived by the Triune God the Creator as a place and time of preparation for man, created in the image and likeness of God, to pass into eternal life in the Kingdom of Heaven. Paradise is still constituted by spatio-temporality, whereas the Kingdom of Heaven is constituted by eternity. The sin of our first parents, due to the negative influence of the evil spirit, that is, the fallen angel, became the cause of the death of the human body as a negation of human life in its material aspect. Christ's great triumph over death in the act of the Resurrection led to the definitive overcoming of this negation and the restoration of the unity of fallen human beings within themselves and unity with God—for those who believe, of course. For from the objective act of Redemption accomplished by the Incarnate Son of God, one must distinguish the necessity of a subjective affirmation of that very divine act of Salvation offered to every human being as a rational and free creature. (...)"
For Rev. Guz, the Cross of Christ is not merely a historical event, but the eternal center of divine truth and love:
"(...) If we ask how to perfect the world, there is not, there has not been, and until the final day—that is, the closing of the history of creation and human deeds—there will not be a more splendid center of divine truth and love than Christ's saving cross. (...)"
Revelation and the Full Understanding of Man
Jerusalem brings not only the truth about God, but also the full truth about man—a truth that neither Greek nor Roman philosophy could attain on its own. Rev. Guz indicates successive dimensions of this novelty.
Immortal Nature of the Whole Man
The Greeks attributed immortality only to the intellect. Biblical Revelation opens a far broader perspective:
"(...) The truth about man is unique; he has only a beginning, but no end. Why? Because it pleased God the Creator to create him, to initiate his existence, but to call him to everlasting immortality. (...)"
Discovery of the Human Person
Greek philosophy discovered the subject, but could not clearly articulate the concept of the person. Only Christian Revelation made this possible:
"(...) in ancient Greek philosophy, before the revelation of Jesus of Nazareth, there was indeed no concept of the person, only the concept of hypokeimenon, that is, suppositum—the subject was discovered, something wonderful, but that subject was de facto nature. (...) Aristotle had the intuition that there must be something more in man than this composition of nature: soul, spirit, and body, but it was not articulated. (...)"
Grace as a Supernatural Dimension of Being
Revelation opens before man a dimension that no ancient philosophy could have foreseen—the dimension of grace:
"(...) the supernatural dimension of our existence as baptized individuals means that our intellect is additionally endowed with the grace of faith, our memory is additionally endowed with the grace of hope, and our free will is additionally endowed with the grace of divine love (...)"
The harmony of nature and grace is, for Rev. Guz, the pinnacle of the beauty of human existence:
"(...) The harmony within man between his nature and the grace he receives from God becomes such a miracle that human life can only be compared to the most magnificent musical symphony or opera—one that no greatest musical composer has ever formulated. (...)"
Time and Eternity in the Light of the Incarnation
Jerusalem—the city where the Eternal Son of God became man—gives a new meaning to time itself. Rev. Guz expands this thought with extraordinary depth:
"(...) Christian Revelation tells us that my stay in time occurs only once. That is, I, as this specific individual, can only appear in time once. And I appear in time for a specific purpose: to shape my existence in this single temporal life so as to prepare for eternity. This intuition of man preparing in time for eternity was already present in antiquity, except that antiquity did not discover from the standpoint of reason the Creator who calls all being, including time, into real existence ex nihilo. (...)"
The measure of time ceases to be an abstract philosophical category and becomes a living Person:
"(...) The measure of time for a Catholic Christian is the Incarnate Person of the Son of God. Apart from Christ, I will find neither a plan of time that is more perfect, nor a purposefulness of time that is more supreme, nor supernatural powers that could help me realize myself within time. (...)"
Freedom — Gift and Obligation
Biblical Revelation illuminates the mystery of human freedom in a way that ancient philosophy could only approach. Rev. Guz points to the dramatic dimension of this freedom:
"(...) Unlike Divine freedom, our freedom has a beginning. (...) But having a beginning, we have no end to being free. Our humanity, as free, is invited to experience this human freedom forever. But on how (...) we realize our freedom here on earth—whether based on the principle of good or based on evil—will depend whether we shall exist as eternally free in the House of God, or forever as slaves in the house of hell. (...)"
Freedom without God, according to Rev. Guz, is an illusion:
"(...) Any distancing of oneself from God is a direct path to enslavement. Man is free only by virtue of his coming into being. That is, if we ask about freedom, I can only be free in my Creator. Thus, acceptance of God is the path to freedom. Worshiping God is the path to true freedom; respecting God, paying Him homage, and therefore professing the faith and practicing the faith—this is precisely the true path to freedom. (...)"
Marriage and Family in the Light of Revelation
Jerusalem—Divine Revelation—bestows upon marriage a dimension that Roman law could only sense. Rev. Guz highlights the depth of this institution rooted in God's design:
"(...) In the light of the Bible, that is, the revealed Word of God and the great, splendid, holy doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church built upon it, marriage is established by God Himself. That is, God the Creator established this institution by bringing into existence man and woman as persons—that is, as rational, free subjects who are aware of from whom they originate, who they are, what their nature is, what communion they can build together, and for what purpose. (...)"
The indissolubility of marriage acquires a profound eschatological meaning in this light:
"(...) Marriage is, according to its nature, an indissoluble union of man and woman. Why indissoluble? Because man is preparing for eternal communion with God, and to be able to worthily prepare for eternal communion with God in the Holy Trinity, whether as a woman or as a man, one must train during one's earthly existence in the path of indissolubility. This is served, among other things, by marriage, but also by the sacrament of holy orders, religious vows, or various friendships that people form—they possess an indissoluble character so as to begin eternal life already here on earth. (...)"
Christianity as the Most Splendid Teaching About God
Rev. Prof. Guz formulates a proposition arising from his profound conviction regarding the uniqueness of Christian Revelation:
"(...) Just as throughout all of reality we find traces of God, so too in various religions there are certain intuitions and fragments of truth about God, man, or the world. Nevertheless, the fullness of truth—the fullness of Revelation—is given to us in the Person of Jesus of Nazareth. (...) Christianity, in its Catholic interpretation, is the most magnificent doctrine concerning God; it presents God to us as primordial, divine, eternal, omnipresent, holy, infinite, and inexhaustible Love of extraordinary depth. (...)"
Spiritual Warfare — The Hidden Reality Behind History
Rev. Guz’s teaching on Jerusalem does not evade the difficult and dramatic dimensions of reality. Biblical Revelation unveils a spiritual combat occurring throughout human and cosmic history:
"(...) We know perfectly well who the prince of this world is. We Catholics have no doubt whatsoever. If we strive to be true Catholics, every honest, good Catholic knows that biblical teaching and the Church's doctrine unequivocally state that the prince of this world is the fallen spirit. (...)"
This perspective allows one to comprehend the mechanisms of history in a manner inaccessible to ancient philosophy:
"(...) It is the primordial transgression of Satan—to destroy God. I believe that we will only understand communism and what is happening today in Poland, in Europe, or in world culture when we realize that ultimately it concerns the struggle between God and Satan in the history of man and the world. (...)"
The distinction between the Spirit of God and the spirit of the age (zeitgeist) serves as a key interpretative tool for Rev. Guz:
"(...) it is very easy to expose the spirit of the times, because it is the antipode of the Spirit of God. If the Spirit of God points us to the existence of God, the spirit of the times will deny God's existence; if the Holy Spirit shows us the perfect God, the spirit of the times will blaspheme, revile the true God, and promote idols that are not the true God, alternative churches, and other things; the spirit of the times possesses various illusory proposals. (...)"
The Vocation of the Baptized and the Mission of Poles
Jerusalem—Revelation—places a concrete task before every human being and entire nations. Rev. Guz formulates it with utmost solemnity, addressing Poles in particular:
"(...) as Poles we have a great mission—to save everyone. And since it is not always possible to save everyone, to save whomever can be saved. But one thing should be present in all of us, and in a Polish Catholic absolutely: to try to save every human being, without exception."
A return to Christian thinking is, for Rev. Guz, a prerequisite for national rebirth:
"(...) May the time finally come for us to return from artificially deformed thinking back to a healthy understanding of the world. And especially we Poles, subjected in various ways to the totalitarianisms of the twentieth century that devastated our nation and state, should return to Christian thinking regarding human life created by God, redeemed by God, destined for eternity—a life capable of sovereign thinking, willing, perceiving, empathizing with the Creator, co-creating, and co-managing the universe, in this charming corner of it called Poland, our Fatherland, and above all, to a life called forth from Eternal Love and for that very Love, (...) which will constitute the essence of eternal life. (...)"
The summit of this vocation is holiness—conforming to the divine plan:
"(...) The summit of the human spirit is to allow oneself to be formed according to the Divine design, that plan of creation. What a great and unique perfection! But what great work it requires—from the Church, Polish academia, Polish culture, and the Polish state—to align all dimensions of our Polish existence and direct them so that Poland may truly be reborn, and daily regenerate in Christ. Then it will sovereignly deal with any ideology, no matter how intricately crafted. (...)"
Incarnation of the Idea
Jerusalem in the Athens of Roztocze
Jerusalem, as the symbol of God's Revelation in the Old and New Testaments, is the first and most vital pillar upon which Rev. Prof. Guz builds the center "Athens of Roztocze." The Founder himself expressed it in these words:
"The Athens of Roztocze is a synthesis-project of Jerusalem as the symbol of God's Revelation of the Old and New Testaments, of ancient Greece as the cradle of philosophy and science in general, and of ancient Rome with Roman law astonishingly faithful to natural law, and simultaneously the capital of the Holy Catholic Church of our Lord Jesus Christ, as true God and true Man, established by the will of its Divine Founder upon the College of Apostles with St. Peter at its head."
An eloquent expression of this hierarchy is that the first figure welcoming visitors to the center is the statue of Christ the King—the Incarnate Logos, who is the key to understanding both Greek philosophy and Roman law. On the eastern facade of the House of Ancient Philosophy, a collection of Old Testament figures is assembled—from Adam and Eve, through the patriarchs and prophets, down to John the Baptist as the last prophet. The Chapel of the Queen of Poland, built in the shape of an ark-ship, is a replica of the shrine in Gietrzwałd—the site of Marian apparitions. The Rosary Garden, featuring twenty mysteries cast in bronze, will be crowned by Our Lady, Queen of Poland. Presiding over the entire site will be the statue of Jesus, King of the Universe and King of Mercy—the center and completion of the entire endeavor.
Summary
Rev. Prof. Tadeusz Guz’s teaching on Jerusalem is no academic lecture on the history of religion—it is a living testimony of a scholar who devoted decades to studying the history of human thought to discover its ultimate source and goal. Jerusalem as the symbol of Divine Revelation is, for Rev. Guz, the answer to all the questions that Athens and Rome managed to pose but could not resolve independently. The Logos discovered by the Greeks became flesh in Jerusalem. The law known by the Romans was fulfilled and transcended by Love, which offered itself for man on the cross. Man, whose nature was delineated by ancient philosophy, received in Revelation the full truth about himself—the truth of his Divine origin, his dignity as a person, his vocation to eternity, and the sole path leading there: through Jesus Christ, with Jesus Christ, and in Jesus Christ.
Quotations are taken from the programme “Unfinished Conversations with Fr. Prof. Tadeusz Guz” broadcast on Radio Maryja and TV Trwam, and from other public addresses by Fr. Prof. Tadeusz Guz. Compilation of quotations and context based on the text by Aldona Ciborowska and Edward Małachowski.